piersen



E. H. PIERSEN.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 23,1919.

Reissued July 20, 1920.

NEY

E. H. PIERSEN.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 28,19I9. Relssued July 20, 1920. 14,921

B SHEETS$HEET 3.

[A VENTOR Oa/I'n flfirsen A TTORNEY E. H. PIERSEN.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 28. 1919.

Reissued July 20, 1920. 1 4, 92 1 8 SHEETSSHEET 4.

up (ID on a (D (ID 6! o 1 n 0 m (D a) (D on on on m w m m 03 an m a) w m (\1 J/VVENTOR o) B y [dW/fl Fer-sen L. 4 ATTORNEY E. H. PIERSEN.

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

Reissued July 20, 1920;

INVENTOR ,A TTOR/VE y i E. H. PIERSEN. TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 28, I919. Relssued July 20, 1920.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

JNVENTOR P 'e sen i4 Z'TORNE Y E. H. PIERSEN. TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 28, I919.

Reissued July 20, 1920. 14, 92 1 8 SHEETS-SHEET B.

' Edm' lifinsn,

A TTORNEY 1N VENTOR I impulses .Morse or other telegraphic code.

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN H. PIERSEN, OF TOPEKA, KANSAS, ASSIGNOR TO THE IPIERiSEN TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER COMPANY, OF TOPEKA, KANSAS, A CORPORATION OF KANSAS.

TELEGRAPH-TRANSMITTER.

Specification of Reissued Letters Patent. Reis d J l 20 1920 Original No. 1,289,900, dated December 31, 1918, Serial No. 768,473, filed May 19, 1913. Application for reissue filed July 28, 1919. Seria1 No. 313,705.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EIJW'IN H. PIERSEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at T o peka, in the county of Shawnee and State of Kansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telegraph-Transmitters;v and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to telegraph transmitters, and more particularly to a device of the keyboard type, wherein character indicating or impressing mechanism is operated or released by means of an ordinary key lever, to produce an initial character indication, which is afterward carried by or in proximity to a circuit closer, whereby the character indications are, transformed into electrical impulses,

In the present embodiment of the invention, I utilize a traveling tape and provide the key levers with dies whereby the tape is punched upon the actuation of the levers, to provide apertures or depressions in the tape, which, when carried past the circuit closer, actuate the closer and in turn make and break a circuit to transmit electrical corresponding to the ordinary In order to adapt the apparatus for use by untrained persons, I provide for storing the tape after receiving its character impressions, so that the keyboard may be operated at a different speed from the circuit closer, thereby not only providing for additional speed in setting a message but also obviating interference between the characters.

In order that the operator may keep a record of. the number of messages, words and letters sent, and may at all tlmes know the amount of storage in the apparatus, I provide indicators for giving this information, together with mechanism whereby the indicators may be properly actuated during the operation of the main machine.

The invention also contemplates the provision of means for feedin a tape through the machine and perforating the same in predetermined, variable group arrangements, and for controlling the intermittent advance of the tape or sheet acted upon to maintain uniform spaced relation between the several character groups or apertures.

The invention also contemplates a transmiss on capable of transmitting power from a. driving part to a driven part in varying increments of movement. That part of the invention just referred to is hereshown as adapted for use in connectlon with a perforator for telegraphictape whereby sets of apertures corresponding to dots and dashes of a code are punched in a paper tape to form a record which may be run to cause actuation of a circuit making and breaking device so as to effect transm1ss1on of electric impulses which are capable of being translated into characters of a code to indicate a message and the illus trated mechanism for controlling the tape is part of the complete mechanical organization in a single machine although it is obvious that the tape and its feeding mechanism may be usedin other connections, if desired.

As', some telegraph codes are made up of different arrangements of dots and dashes, the respective characters vary in length and to maintain standard spacing between characters, it is essential that the record tape be advanced different distances for characters of different lengths in order to avoid interference of the characters and maintain uniform spacing. To this end the mechanism is so arranged that the tape may always travel a uniform distance for a space plus the increment determined by the length of the character.

In order to avoid confusion between characters, the tape is advanced between each key lever operation so that the character indicia in the tape occur in order of their application thereto in longitudinal succession and in spaced intervals. The standard spacing in telegraph operation consists of one unit of space-for a dot, two units for a dash, one unit for a space and 'threeunits between characters, and my apwhereby the tape is orwarded following 'theoperation of any key lever. Means, m-

dividual to each key lever, is provided for ters must be effected by mechanical o eration and it is for this purpose that I ave provided the differential feed mechanism shown.

.In general, the differential feed mechanism comprises a sin le driving element limiting the advance of the tape a distance proportionate to the length of the character represented by that particular key lever. For example, should the key lever for the letter I be operated, the tape forward- I ing mechanism is advanced to release the tape until stopped by the controlling device for the I lever.v The character I, which consists of two dots, comprises three spaces which, together with the space interval between characters, requires a tape adva'nc'ecorresponding to six spaces. Should the key lever for'the letter J "be operated, the tape is advanced a distance equal to twelve spaces, this character in itself requiring nine spaces to correspond with the dash dot of the character and the three space interval between characters.

It is apparent, hereinafter,'that the advance of the tape must vary according to the length of the characters in order to maintain the uniform spaced relation between character groups, irrespective of the length of the characters, such differential movement being adapted to be effected by the differential mechanism shown and described herein.

I have, heretofore, emphasized the fact that there is a standard, three unit'space between'characters. While this space value would constitute theoretically perfect sending, actual. practice has disclosed the necessity of varying the spacing for certain characters, to avoid their confusion with preceding or following characters.

An illustration of such necessity is found in the letter E consisting, in the Morse code, of a single dot. In words wherein the letter E follows the letter N ,(dash dot), the E might easily, under the uniform spacing rule, be considered a part of the N character, and the dash dot space dot of N E, become the dash dot dot of D. The word line would, by such confusion, become lid and many similar errors occur.

Other characters liable to such confusion are I, S, C, R, O, V, Z,& and L; some simple errors possible to occur when these characters are separated from others by the standard space being in might become Q, a 7 c4 g c4 f yn etc.

Confusion from the letter L is more of a delusion than a realityfinasmuch as it only occurs when the character (long dash) precedes one begining with or follows one ending with a dash. In such association the L character not only seems shorter than it really is, but the space between the L character and the dash in the other character seems shorter.

It is also advisable, for another reason, to vary the standard space for numerals. Operators, such as those in the press service, are accustomed to sending matter in which numerals seldom occur, while other operators, such as those in railroad or commercial service, are more accustomed to sending numerals, and great caution should be exercised because of the practical impossibility of checking simple errors, such as transposition. Should the letters the be transposed to eht the error would be apparent, whereas, 123 might become 321 without detection.

I, therefore, include numeral characters among those that it is desirable to set off by more than the ordinary spaces.

Experience and analysis has taught that Numerals, three-fourths additional unit-f at each side.

It is,therefore, one of the objects of my invention to provide apparatus whereby any individual character may be spaced as desired from preceding or following characters. This is accomplished through the variable escapement hereinafter described, and the arrangement of the die members of the special characters, whereby the special characters are arranged in the record or storage member in any desired space relation in which they are to be sent to line;

The tape is adapted to be perforated by digitally operated mechanism which, under certain conditions, may comprise an ordinary typewriter keyboard, the levers of which are provided with male punch diemembers to effect the perforation of the tape in character groups as the tape is moved between the die members in stepped travel.

It is to be understood, however, that under all conditions, it is not necessary that an actual perforation of the sheet or tape be accomplished; for example, the blow against the tape may be light enough, or the female die member may be provided with shallow recesses instead of perforations, so that simply the impression of the die character may be embossed on the sheet; therefore, whenever the word perforation or an expression of like import is used, it is to be understood that it contemplates either an actual perforation of the sheet or a dis.

ruption of the initial cross sectional area thereof.

Another important feature of the invention is that means is provided for accommodating the device to variations in line potential and'to this end the contacts of the circuit maker and breaker are adapted to have varying'sp'aced relation. The importance of this will be apparent when it is understood that in order to maintain the best operating conditions it is essential that each make and break in the circuit be sharply defined; therefore, if a high potentlal line is employed,- there will be danger of arcing unless the'contacts inove an appreciable distance apart at each opening movement of the circuit maker and b If, however, a low potential line is employed, the movable contact may have a shorter amplitude of movement because the danger of arcing is decreased,.there being means described hereinafter for effectin the necessary adjustment to vary the amphtude of movement of the movable contact.

In accomplishing the above mentioned objects of the invention, I provide improved details of structure,the preferred forms of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure I is a side elevation of a machine constructed according to my invention, the case being in section and partly broken away.

FigII is a similar view of side of the machine;

Fig. III is a longitudinal sectional perspective view, showing the interior mechanism.

Fig. IV is a rear elevation of the machine, the case being in section.

Fig. V is a longitudinal sectional view of the machine on the line VV, Fig. IV.

Fig. VI is a, detail sectional view of the variable escapement.

Fig. VII is a similar view of the same, the parts being shown in operative position.

F 1g. VIII is a detail perspective of the ratchet )awl tripping device.

Fig. I is a sectional view of the differential gearing.

Fig. X is an elevation of the same.

Fig. XI is a sectional rewinding shaft. I

Fig. XII is a side elevation of the governor gearing.

Fig. XIII is a plan view of the same.

Fig. XIV is a perspective viewof a portion of the machine, showing the character the opposite indicating punch and its relation to the sur' rounding parts.

Fig. XV is a detail the ke latch-board, parts being broken away or better illustration.

Fig. XVI is a plan view of a portion of the tape.

perspective view of reaker.,

view of the tape Fi XVII is a sectional view of a differentia gearingfor actuating the storage indicator.

Fig. XVIII is a detail perspective view of the circuit breaker and adjacent mechanism.

Fig. XIX is a detail perspective view of one of the character indicator levers.

Fig. XX is a detail view of thego-vernor.

Referring more in detail. to the parts:

1 designates a frame upon which the parts of the machine are mounted and which comprises a base 2, side members 3 and 4- and feet 5 upon which the machine is supported.

Projecting rearwardly from the side members 3 and 4 are cars 6, upon which is pivotally mounted a casing 7 that covers the entire mechanism and has a forwardly extendmg ke board of any ordinary construction.

ivotallv mounted in a rib 9, on base 2, and slidably mounted in slots 10 of a similar rib 11, and in slots 12 of a front cross'xmember 13, are a plurality of key levers 14, which are held yieldingly in their normal position by springs 15, having adjustments 16, and which are provided on their upper edges with dies 17 corresponding with the characters of a telegraphic code, and at their rear ends with hooks 18. H

Extending between the side members 3 and 4, and immediately above the dies 17, is

. a counter die 19 having a plurality of aperadapted for regmembers 3 and 4 are journals 28, and revoportion 8 adapted to inclose a typewriter lubly mounted in said journals 28 is a roller 29, which is held yieldingly against a roller 30 revolubly mounted in the side members, by means of coil springs 31, and between which passes a tape, or the like, 32, that is supplied from a roll 33 on a shaft 34 near the forward part of the frame and passes beneath a guide roller 35 adjacent the couns ter die. Above and slightly forward of the rollers 29 and 30, are rollers 36 and 37, the latter journaled in the sides of the frame and the former in blocks 38 which are slidably mounted in slots 39 in the sides of the frame and yieldingly urged toward the roller 37 by springs 40. f

After passing between the rollers 29 and 30, the tape passes upwardly and forwardly between rollers 36 and 37, and over an idle roller 41 to the rewinding shaft 42 to which is secured.

The rollers 29 and 30, and 36 and 37, have gear connection 29'---30' and 36'37 respectively whereby the rollers of each set are positively connected with each other. I

The different characters of a telegraph code are punched in the web by means of key actuated die members 17, and counter die 20, and the tape forwarded a distance equal to the length of that character plus a space distance, dot space or one of the special spaces hereinbefore described, upon the operation of any key lever.

In accomplishing this action a variable escapement has been provided which comprises a shaft 45 revolubly mounted in the side members 3 and 4 of the frame, having a ratchet wheel 46 rigidly secured thereto adjacent the inner face of side member 3, and a sleeve 47 revolubly mounted on the shaft and having a lever 48 (Fig. IV) secured at one end and a lever 49 at the other, the latter being provided with an arm 50 in line with lever 48. A universal bar 51 carried b 1 the lever 48 and arm 50 lies behind a ban of bell crank levers 52 pivotally mounted on sleeve 47 and provided with hooked end portions 53 adapted for engagement by hooks 18 of the key levers to hold them forward and in their normal position against the tension of springs 54, which are secured to pins 55 in the upper edge of a rib 56 on the frame. Adjustably mounted in the rib 56, back of each lever52, is a set screw 58, adapted for engagement by its corresponding lever 52 and set to limit movement of its lever to an arc corresponding to the length of the character represented by the lever, plus the space between characters.

At the outer extremity of lever'49 is a ratchet pawl 59 yieldingly held in engagement with ratchet wheel 46 by a spring 60,

and provided with a'roller 61 at its opposite end, which is adapted for engagement by an arc-shaped bracket 62 integral with a bar 63 which is provided with a slot (Fig; VIII) 64 and adapted to slide on an elongated boss 65 on the side member 3. A compression spring 66 hearing against the boss 65 normally, yieldingly holds the bracket in a rearward position. 7

At the rearward end of the bar 63 is an eye 67 towhich is connected a link 68 ,that is in turn connected to the upwardly extending arm 69 of a pawl lever 70 mo1'inted and tensioned the same as the key levers, and having a torsion rod 72 that extends above,

and a universal bar 7 3- that extends beneath the bank of key levers, both the torsion rod and the universal bar being connected to an idle lever 74 (Fig. XIV) at the opposite side of the machine.

Extending part way across the upper rear portion of the frame is a spring motor 78 which may be tensione through gearing comprising a gear 79 on the motor shaft 78 that meshes with a gear 80 on a shaft 80, journaled in the casin 7, and provided with a hand crank 81 w ereby the motor may be manually wound. The motor shaft which may be the standard three the idle gear gears 93, 99

is also provided with a gear 83 (Figs. I and 1V) that meshes with the gear 84 of a differential mechanism 85 (see Figs. IX and A), the preferred form of which comprises a pair of facing bevel gears 86 revolubly mounted upon a stub shaft87 and meshing with a plurality of bevel pnions 88 revolubly mounted on a spider 89, which is in turn revolubly mounted on the shaft 87, and is anchored in the casing 90 of which the gear 84 is a part, the casing being revolubly mounted on the extended hub portions 91 of the bevel gears 86. Fixed on each hub portion 91 are spur gears 92 and 93, which are adapted to actuate the rollers 36 and 37 through the gear 95 on the roller 37 and 96 revolubly mounted on a stub shaft 97, and the rollers 29 and 30 through the gear 98 on the roller 30, and the gear 99 rigidly mounted on the shaft 45 respectively.

In tracing the movements of this gearing, let us assume the parts to be in a state of rest, and that the tape is held firmly between the rollers 36 and 37, which are in turn, held against revolution by means of a governor which will hereinafter be described in detail.

The tension of the spring motor 78 is carried through the gear 83 to the gear 84 ofthe differential, which tensions both the bevel gears 86 and the spur gears 92 and 93, which are fixed to the hubs thereof, in the same direction by virtue of the pinions 88 which mesh with both the'bevel gears 86, and which are carried by the spider 89 operatively connected with the gear 84.

It is equally true that "ifone of the gears 92 or 93 is held against revolution, the other v may continue to revolve, because the gear 84 which receives power direct from the spring-motor, carries the spider 89 and causes the pinions 88 to turn against the face of the bevel gear 86 fixed to the stationary gear, which, for illustration, we

will say s the gear 92, and revolves the other bevel gear 86 which revolves the spur and 98.

The gear keyboard .through the shaft 45, ratchet 46 and pawl 7 0, so that each time a key lever is depressed, the tension of the spring motor actuates the rollers 29 and 30 and the es capement to forward the tape a certain distance.

It is apparent that while the keyboard is being actuated and the tapeforwarded, the governor may be released, so that power is transmitted from the spring motor through the gears 83 and 84, pinions 88, one of the bevel gears 86, gear 93, gear 96, and gear 95, thereby revolving the rollers 36 and 37 and forwarding the tape.

It is also apparent that while the keyboard and transmitting device are both in 99 is under direct control of the operation, the gear 83 will revoluvzat a greater speed than if only one of them were in operation, because in the latter case the bevel pinions cotiperate with the gears 86 and compound the speed of the gears 92 and 93, or which is the same-thing. applied to the present case, checks the speed of the gear 83 and prevents the motor from unwinding too fast.

The gear 96 actuates the rewinding-shaft 42 through an idle gear 100 revolubly mounted on a stub shaft 101, which meshes with a gear 102 having driving connection with the rewinding shaft through a friction mechanism comprising a beveled friction collar-103 slidably mounted on a feather key 104 in the shaft and held yieldingly against thebeveled face 105 of the gear by means of a spring 106 that bears against an adjusting nut 107, threaded on the end of the shaft, whereby the tension may be adjusted as desired.

' Rigidly secured to roller 37 adjacent the inner face of side member 4, is a gear 110 (Figs. IV, XII and XIII) which meshes with a gear 111 revolubly mounted on a stub shaft 112 and which in turn mesheswith a gear 113 revolubly mounted on a stub shaft 114, and rigidly connected to a larger gear 115 that meshes with the pinion 116 of a governor 117. The preferred form of governor comprises a shaft 118, of which the pinion. 116 is a part, revolubly mounted in .point bearings 119 in the frame and in a bracket 120, mounted on the frame plate 4. Slidable on said shaft is a sleeve 123, having an integral head 123' provided with oppo sitely. disposed longitudinal slots-123 and p a pin slot 123', and to one end of which is fixed the disk 112; Fixed on the shaft 118 is a collar. 124, having yokes 124' slidable in the slots 123", andpivotally mounted in said yokes are cars 121 of the governor I weights 121, the ears being eccentrically mounted in the yokes, so that when the weights swing outwardly under centrifugal force, the ears bear against the disk 112 and tend to force the same outwardlyagainst the tension of a spring 112 which surrounds the shaft 118 and bears against the yoke collar 124 and against the base of the sleeve head 123'. A pin 124 is carried by the collar 124 and works in the pin slot 123" to key the sleeve and disk to the shaft. Coil springs 123" are connected with hooks 123" on the weights and with collar 118 on shaft 118 to hold the weights to the shaft and assist the spring 112 in retaining the disk in normal position.

Slidably mounted in bushing 125 in the side frame 4 is a rod 126 having a leather tip 127 which is adapted to be held yieldingly from the face of disk 122 by a spring 128,

and against a cam 129 inthe casing 7 which is adapted for manual actuation by means of a thumb knob 130.

- T he tension of the spring motor 78 is distributed independently through the differential gearing 85 in two directions, the one actuating the rollers 29 and 30 and the ratchet wheel'46 which is held againstrevolution by the pawl 59; the other actuating the rollers 36 and 37, the governor, and the rewinding shaft, the latter being held against revolution by the friction of the rollers on the tape or by pressure of the tip 127 against the disk 122, the tip being adjustable by the hand knob 130 to advance the tip and lock the governor.

Each time a key lever is depressed, one or more apertures is punched in the tape corresponding to' that particular character.-

- the tension of its spring 54, moves the universal bar 51 backwardly and the pawl 59 upwardly along the face of the ratchet wheel a distance predetermined by the location of that particular set screw 58.

When the key lever is released, the pawl 59 engages the ratchet wheel 46 as the pawl 7 O is released, and the ratchet wheel revolves under the influence of the spring motor to move the bar 51 against the released bell crank lever and return it to its normal position, and to turn the rollers 29 and 30 so that the tape is moved ahead a distance equal to the length of the character plus three dots, or the standard space between characters.

After several characters have been recorded. in the tape the apertured portion passes beyond the rollers 36 and 37 beneath a circuit breaker 135,, beneath the ro1ler41 and onto the rewinding shaft 42.

The circuit breaker comprises a plurality of fingers 137 rigidly secured to individual collars 138 revolubly mounted on a shaft 139 fixed in the frame, and individually tensioned by means of springs 140 which are connected to hooks 141,0n collars 138 and hooks 142 on a shaft 143 rigidly secured in the frame.

Rising .from each collar is a vertical pin 144 adapted to actuate a universal bar 145 pivotally! mounted on shaft 139, held yield-' ingly backward against a stop 146 by means of a spring 147 and provided with an upturned ear 148 near one end, into which is threaded a contact screw 149 adapted to engage the contact screw 150 in the bracket 151 which is insulated from the frame and provided with anelectric wire 152 connecting with the line, the other line wire being groundedon the frame.

As the tape passes at a uniform speed through the rollers 36 and 37, by virtue of its governor control, and is taken up on the friction driven rewinding shaft, the contact fingers 137 drop intothe' various apertures and rock the universal bar to complete an electric circuit through the contact points 149-150.

In order to secure the proper spacing between words, I have provided the space key 154 having key levers 155 at each side of the machine, mounted and tensioned the same as the character key levers and adapted to release a bell crank lever 52 to move the tape a distance equal to three dots which, in ad'- dition to the three dots on each character, makes a total of six dots between words.

In order to determine the exact working of the machine at any moment, several indicators are provided whereby the number of messages, words and characters transmitted, and the amount of tape in storage, is constantly before theoperator. The message indicator comprises a counter or numbering device 156 which is secured to a bracket 157 on the frame 3 and which is connected to a key lever 158 by a link 159. v The number of words sent is shown on a similar counter 160 also secured to bracket 157 andconnected to the space key by a link 161.

The number of characters transmitted onto the line is indicated on the counter 164:

which is connected by a link 165 to a lever 166 pivotally mounted at 167, on the frame and provided with a roller 168 which registerse with a groove 169 in the roller 11, over which the perforated tape is run immediately after its passagepast the circuit closer; the roller passing into and'from elongated apertures 170 in the tape to effect a rocking motion and operate the indicator. An aperture 170 is punched in the tape opposite each character by a die 177 (Fig. XIV) that is pivotally mounted in rib 9 connected with the universal bar 73, so'that it is actuated each time a key lever is depressed. By locating the apertures 170 at one side of the part of the tape containing the character apertures there is no interference with the trans mission and by providing the separate indicator for the characters'set up and those transmitted, a clear record of the condition and performance of the machine is provided.

The number of characters set up or provided in the tape is shown by the indicator or counter 162, operable by a lever 163 having connection with the link 68, so that the counter is" advanced one space each time the pawl lever 7 O and arm 69 are rocked by the universal bar 73 upon the depression of a key lever. In this way, I provide for separate indication of characters set up and characters transmitted.

As the keyboard maybe operated at a tween them at a time.

speed greater than the speed of transmission, the tape will accumulate in the storage receptacle, the amount of accumulation being recorded on the differential indicator 173 which comprises (Fig. XVII) gears 174 and 175 revolubly mounted on a stub shaft 176, the former gear being driven from the gear 95 on the upper set of rollers, while the latter gear is connected with the gear 98 on the lower set of rollers through the intermediate gear 177, so that the two gears 17 1 and 175 turn in opposite directions.

Rigidly secured to theinner faces of the gears 174 and 175 are bevel gears 178 which mesh with bevel pinions 179 revolubly mounted on a spider 180, which is in turn revolubly mounted on shaft 17 6 and secured to the sheave 181.

Passing over sheave 181 and over a sheave 182 revolubly mounted on a bracket 183, at the front of the machine, is a belt 184 having unit designations upon its surface which are visible through the aperture 185 in the casing.

In order to prevent more than one'key lever being de ressed at a time the latch board (Fig. X is provided, which comprisesa plurality of latches 187 pendently mounted on pins 188 on the cross pieces 13, and having heads 189 which lie between each of the key levers and which are spaced so that but one key lever may be projected be- The latches are covered by a hood 190 having slots 191 into which-the key levers project.

In operating the machine the keyboard is I manipulated in the usual manner, each key lever punching one or more apertures in the tape corresponding to that particular character and at the same time releasing one of the bell crank levers 52, and turning the rollers 29 and 30 a certain. distance to forward the tape which is carried upwardly between rollers 36" and 37. If the keyboard is operated rapidly the tape will accumulate in the receptacle 24 as shown in dotted lines (Fig. III to be taken up by the uniformly moving rollers 36 and .37 and transmitted bymeans of the circuit breaker. After the last character has been sent it is necessary to operate the space key several times .in order to move that part of the tape lying between the circuit breaker and the rollers 29 and 30 past the circuit breaker.

The power of the spring motor is divided by the differential gearing 85 so that the key board may be operated fast or slow to intermittently forward the tape into the storage receptacle 24 and at the same time revolve the rollers 36 and 37 at a uniform rate of speed.

As the rollers 29 and 30, and 36 and 37,

are of the same diameter and each will make the same number of revolutions as the other when a certain amount of tape is passed through the. machine, it is apparent that the differential indicator which is connected oppositely to each set of rollers will be turned in one direction if one set of rollers is revolved at a greater speed than the other, and will always comeback to zero as the slower set catches up. For example, if the keyboard is operated at a high rate of speed the differential indicator will show through the aperture 185 that a certain number of inches of tape has collected in the receptacle, which will be proportionately diminished as the characters are transmitted onto the line, and if the operation of the keyboard ceases the upper rollers turn the indicator back to zero.

It is apparent that a message may be repeated by raising the case 7, releasing the friction clutch 103 and turning the tape backward by grasping the supply roll 33 at the front of the machine and running it through the machine again and that when a roll of'paperhas passed through the machine it may be stored away for record.

It is to be understood that I do not wish to limit myself to the specific form of tape illustrated in the drawings as any practical form of tape will suffice. For example, a

tape in which the characters are consecu-' 'tively punched will be operative and comes within the scope of this invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters-Patent, is:

1. In a telegraph transmitter, means for effecting record of characters on a storage member, initial means for advancing said storage member, secondary means for advancing said storage member, a prime mover,

a differential mechanism operable from the prime mover and adapted for actuating both of said advancing mechanisms to effect simultaneous operation thereof, or individual operation of either, and a circuit closer adapted for operation from said rec- 0rd.

2. In a telegraph transmitter, a prime mover, separately operable tape forwarding mechanisms, and a differential gearing operable from the prime mover and connected with the tape forwarding mechanisms whereby said mechanisms may be driven simultaneously or one driven independently of the other from the same source of power.

3.--In a telegraph transmitter, initial tape] forwarding mechanism, ultimate tape forwarding mechanism, a motor, transmission mechanism connecting the motor with-theforwarding mechanisms, including a differential. member whereby botli mechanismsmay be driven simultaneously, or one driven independently of the other, and means-for rewinding a tape.

4. In a telegraph transmitter, initial tape forwarding mechanism, ultimate tape forwarding mechanism, a motor, transmission mechanism connecting .the motor with the forwardlng mechanisms, including a differential member whereby both mechanisms may be driven simultaneously, 0r one driven independently of the other, a rewind mem her, and transmission mechanism connecting the motor with the rewind member, including a friction clutch, for the purpose set forth. 5. A telegraph transmitter comprising paired rollers for guiding and forwardinga character tape, a circuit closer adapted for actuation by saidtape, a motor, and differential gearing for driving said rollers from the motor.

6. In a tglegraph'transmitter, recording and transmitter elements, means for differentially driving both of said elements, a

keyboard for releasing the recording ele ment, a governor for controlling the transmitter element, and means for manually regulating the governor to change the speed differential member operatively connected with the motor and with both of the ta 6 forwarding mechanisms, whereby said mec anisms may be driven simultaneously or independently of each other, and a governor for controlling the secondary tape forwarding mechanism.

9. In a telegraph transmitter, a perforated tape, means for forwarding said tape to store telegraphic characters, means for forwarding said tape to transmit said characters, and a differential gearing for operating both of said forwarding means.

10. In combination with tape-forwarding mechanisms, an escapement comprising a member operatively connected with the tapeforwarding mechanisms, a device for-holding saidmember, individual latches for advancing the holding device relative to said member, key levers controllingsaid latches, and means operable by the key levers to effect release 'of the escapement member from the holding device and detain the escapement member while the latch is released.

l1. In'combination with tape-forwarding mechanisms and driving means therefor, an

escapement member operable with the driv-' adapted for independent action, a motor, a i

ing means, a detent operable in one direction from the escapement member, means operable in one direction to advance the detent and returnable by the detent, key levers controlling said operable means, and means 0perable by the key levers to disconnect the detent from the escapement member.

12. In combination with tape-forwarding mechanisms and driving means therefor, an escapement member operable with the driving means, a detent operable in one direction from the escapement member, means operable in one direction to advance the detent and returnable by the detent, kcy levers controlling said operable means, and means op erable by the key leversto first free the detent from the escapement member and hold said member while the detent is' freed and then free the escapement member and permit return of the detent to its holdingposition, whereby the escapement member is aclvanced from the drivingmeans and the detent and said operable means are returned to initial position.

13. In combination with tape-forwarding mechanism and driving means therefor, an escapement member operable with the driving means, a detent yieldingly held in operat-ive relation to the escapement member, a plurality of normally latched members individually operable to shift the detent along the escapement member, key levers controlling the latched members, and means operable by a key lever to rock the detent from holding relation with the escapement member.

14. In combination withtape-forwarding mechanism and driving means therefor, an escapement member operable with the driving means, a detent yieldingly held in operative relation to the escapement member, a plurality of normally latched members inividually operableto shift the detent along t 1e escapement member, key levers controlling the latched members, means operable by a key lever to rock the detent from holding relation with the escapement member, and

other means also operable. by a key lever for holding the escapement member while the latter is free from the detent.

15. A telegraph transmitter comprising plurality of key levers, a latch for each key lever, means for yieldingly tensioning said latches away from the levers, rollers for forwarding a character tape, an escapement operatively connected with said rollers and adapted for release upon the actuation of anyof said levers to forward said tape and a circuit closer adapted for actuation by said tape.

16. A telegraph transmitter comprising a plurality of key levers, apivotally mounted latch for each lever, a stop member for de-- termining the travel of each of said latches,

means for yieldingly tensioning said latches toward their stop members, means for for.

warding a character tape, an esca ement operatively connected with said orwarding means comprising a ratchet wheel, a stop pawl adapted for engagement with said ratchet wheel upon the actuation ofjany of the levers, a pawl adapted for actuation by the ratchet wheel and having a universal bar adapted for returning any of the'latches to engagement with its lever and a circuit closer adapted for actuation by said tape.

' 17. A telegra' h transmitter comprising a plurality of indlvidually operable key levers, driving mechanism for forwarding a character ta e, a latch for each of the key levers, means or yieldingly tensioning the latches away from the levers, a. stop for each of said latches, an escapement ratchet operatively connected with said driving mechanism, a stop pawl having a universal bar adapted for actuation by any of the key levers, to move the pawl into engagement with the escapement ratchet, an arm axially mounted concentrically with the ratchet wheel, a pawl pivotally mounted on said arm and adapted for driven engagement with the ratchet wheel, a universal bar carried by the arm and adapted for returning said latches to normal position and a circuit closer adapted for actuation by said tape.

v18. A telegraph transmitter comprising individually operable key levers, a latch for each lever, means for yieldingly tensioning said latches away from the levers, means for forwarding a character tape, an escapement operable from said forwarding means, a pivotally mounted arm having a pawl pivotally mounted thereon and yieldingly retained in engagement with said escapement, a stop pawl adapted for engagement with the escapement and having a universal bar adapted for engagement by any of the key levers to move the pawl into engagement with the escapement, means connected with the stop pawl for releasing the ivoted pawl, a universal bar on said arm or returning any of the'latches to normal position and a circuit closer adapted for actuation by said tape.

19. A telegraph transmitter comprising a plurality of individually operable key levers, and means for forwarding-a character tape comprising an escapement for said means including a ratchet wheel, a stop pawl for said ratchet wheel havinga universal bar operable by any of said key lefor engaging said bracket and a spring for yieldingly tensioning the pawl to contact with the ratchet wheel, a universal bar carried by said arm, pivotally mounted latches adapted for engagement with the key levers and for replacement by the universal bar on the pawl arm, means for yieldingly tensioning the latches away from the levers, stops for limiting the movement of said latches and a circuit 'closer adapted for actuation plurality of individually operable key 1evers'and means for forwarding a charactertape comprising a revoluble shaft, a block mounted on said shaft, a bracket slidably mounted on said block and yieldingly ten sioned toward ,one limit of its travel, an areshaped member on said bracket, aratchet wheel revolubly mounted on the shaft, an arm revolubly mounted on the shaft and having a pawl pivotally mounted thereon and adapted for engagement with the ratchet wheel, a roller on said pawl adapted for engagement with the arc-shaped member to trip the awl, latches adapted for.engage'- ment with said key levers, means for yieldingly tensioning the latches away from said key levers, anniversal bar on said pawl arm for returning the latches to normal posi-.

tion, a pivotally mounted stop pawl adapt ed for engagement with the ratchet wheel,

a universal bar for actuating the stop pawl upon actuation of any of the key levers, a

connection between the stop pawl and said bracket whereby the bracket is actuated to.

trip the 'arm pawl simultaneously with the movement of the stop pawl and a circuit closer adapted for actuation by saidtape.

plurality of individually operable key levers and means for forwarding a character tape comprising a revoluble shaft, a block mounted onsaid shaft, a. bracket slidably mounted on said block and yieldingly tensi'oned toward one limit ofits travel, an

' arc-shaped member on said bracket, a

ratchet wheel revolubly mounted in the shaft, an arm revolubly mounted on the shaft and having a pawl pivotally mounted thereon and adapted for engagement with the ratchet wheel, a roller; on said pawl adapted for engagement with the arc-shaped member to trip the pawl, latches adapted for engagement with said levers, means for 22. A telegraph transmitter comprising a yieldingly tensioning the latches away from said levers, a universal bar on said pawl arm for returning the latches to normal position, a pivotally mounted stop pawl adapted for engagement with the ratchet wheel, a universal bar for actuating the stop pawl upon actuation of any of the key levers, connection between the stop pawl and i said bracket whereby the bracket is actuated to trip the arm pawl simultaneously with the movement of the stop pawl, an indicator, connection between the indicator and the universal bar operable by the key levers whereby the indicator is actuated upon the actuation of each key lever and a circuit closer adapted for actuation by said tape.

23. In a telegraph transmitter, means for advancing a character record member, a circuit closer adapted for operation from a part of said member, and an indicator operable from a different part of said member.

24:. In combination with a record tape comprising a section marked for telegraphic characters and a separate section marked for indication, a circuit closer operable by the character section of the tape and an indicator operable by the indicator section thereof.

25. A telegraph transmitter comprising means for forwarding a perforated tape, a circuit c'loser adapted for actuation from someof the perforations of the tape, and an indicator having a pivotally mounted arm provided with an end lever adapted for actuation from other of said perforations.

26. A telegraph transmitter comprising perforated tape forwarding mechanism, a

circuit closer'adapted for actuation from some of the perforations in the tape, an indicator,'an arm pivotally connected with the indicator and having a roller adapted for projection into other of the perforations of the tape.

27. In a telegraph transmitter, an indicator, means forapplying power at two points on said indicator, an indicating element, and means on the indicating element for establishing equilibrium between the two power points.

28. In a telegraph transmitter, an indicator, means for applying power at two points on said indicator, the indicator being operable from both points of power application for recording the difference in position of said points. I

29. In a telegraph transmitter, rollers ar ranged in spaced pairs to advance a record tape at impress and transmitting positions, a circuit closer at the transmitting position, differential gearing comprising drive members connected with corresponding roller pairs and operable in opposite directions, and an indicator member operable by both or either of said drivers according to their relative speeds.

30. Ina telegraph transmitter, a circuit closer, means for acting on a record mem her at the circuit closer position, other means for acting on the record member at an impress position, differential gearing comprising separate drive members operable by said separate means, a belt member operable differentially from said drive mem-- bers, and an indicator belt operable by saidbelt member.

31. In a telegraph transmitter, rollers arseparate pair of rollers, and an indicator belt operable by said gearing, for the purpose set forth. I

33. In a telegraph transmitter, rollers arranged in spaced pairs to advance a record tape at impress and transmitting positions, a circuit closer at the, transmitting .position, differential gearing comprising drive members connected with corresponding roller pairs and operable in opposite directions, a belt wheel operable by both or either of said driver's according to their relative speeds,

' and an indicator belt operable by the belt wheel.

34. In a telegraph transmitter, a tape, intermittent and continuous means for forwarding said tape, an indicator comprising a differential gearing operatively connected to both of said forwarding means, a'belt wheel on said differential gearing adaptedto-turn an amount equal to the difference between said forwarding means, and a belt on said wheel for indicating the relative positions of said forwarding means.

35. In a telegraph transmitter, a circuit closer, means for forwarding a record memher from a setting position to position for operating the circuit closer, and an indicator operable differentially from said means to indicate amount of storage of a record member.

36. In a telegraph transmitter, a circuit closer, primary and secondary means for advancing a record member, and anindi-' cator operable differentially from said means to indicate amount of storage ofsaid record member.

37. In a telegraph transmitter; a circuit closer, means for acting on a record member at the circuit closer position, other means for acting on the recordmember at an im press position, differential gearing operable by said separate means, and an indicator operable by said gearing. H

38. In a telegraph transmitter,'a circuit closer, means for forwarding a tape alongthe circuit closer, a plurality of individually operable character members adapted for impressing the tape irrespective of the actuation of the circuit closer, and an indicator for showing accumulation of the-tape between the circuit closer and impressing' position.

39. In a telegraph transmitter, a circuit closer, a plurality of individually operable. character members constituting tape 'impressing mechanism, a storage compartment mtermediate the circuit closer and tape 1mpressingmechanism, and a differentially operable indicator for showing accumulation of a tape between the impressing mechanism and circuit closer.

w 40. In a telegraph transmitter, a-tape having apertures corresponding to telegraphic characters and other apertures adjacent said character apertures, means for forwarding said tape, and an indicator having a lever adapted for actuation from said second set of apertures to indicate the number of characters in the tape.

41. In a telegraph transmitter, a tape having apertures corresponding to telegraphic characters and other apertures adjacent said character" apertures, means for forwarding said tape, means for converting the character apertures into electrical impulses, and an indicator operable from said second set of apertures for indicating the number of 7 characters convertedinto electrical impulses.-

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

EDWIN H. PIERSEN. 

